丁基仲侧室善丝桐赋咏,晓达音吕,备歌舞之妙。
素弦一一起秋风。写柔情、都在春葱。徽外断肠声,霜宵暗落惊鸿。低颦处、翦绿裁红。仙郎伴、新制还赓旧曲,映月帘栊。似名花并蒂,日日醉春浓。
吴中。空传有西子,应不解、换徵移宫。兰蕙满襟怀,唾碧总喷花茸。后堂深、想费春工。客愁重、时听蕉寒雨碎,泪湿琼钟。恁风流也称,金屋贮娇慵。
此为HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chouzeng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>酬赠词。发端“素弦一一起秋HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风”一句,紧扣小序写丁妾善于弹奏HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yinle/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>音乐,乐弦时而柔情似水,时而秋声如泣,那旋律在如春葱般的玉指中流出,柔美、HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄婉,感人肺腑。“一”的叠词,加浓了HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yinle/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>音乐的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄婉色彩。“徽外断肠声”一句,化用王粲《公燕》:“管弦发徽音,曲度清且悲”强调了乐声之悲,与“断肠”二字意思反复,浓化了HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yinle/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>音乐的悲哀之情。“霜霄暗落惊鸿”既写悲哀的旋律使HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiutian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋天的鸿雁惊飞,又化用了曹植《洛神赋》:“翩若惊鸿,婉若游龙”来比拟丁妾的体态轻盈美妙。此乃一石双HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟之法。“低颦处”一句,描写丁妾的面部表情随HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/lequ/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乐曲旋律HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化而HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化,时而低首皱眉,满含悲意;时而面带柔情,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风情万种。“剪绿裁红”化用赵彦昭“HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花随红意发,叶就绿情新”形容丁妾红情绿意的缠绵之态。这两句刻画入微,既写了丁妾演奏时的身姿、情态,又勾出HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yinle/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>音乐旋律的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化多端。“仙郎伴”一句,转笔写丁基仲与爱妾在HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yueye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月夜下窗栊内共谱新曲,奏新声,新曲接旧曲,曲曲HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>优美动听。“映月帘栊”描绘HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yuexia/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>月下HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美景,用以烘托伉俪的似水柔情。歇拍“似名HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花并蒂,日日醉春浓”以并蒂HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yingchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>迎春的鲜明形象HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fuqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夫妻恩爱。“日日醉春浓”以叠词“日日”又加以“浓”字强调恩爱之深。
过片,回应上片的发端句,继写丁妾善音律,但不采用直叙手法,而曰:“吴中,空传有西子,应不解、换徵移宫”,此意是说吴中西施虽是古代著名HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moinu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美女,但她不晓得音律,在对比中突现了丁妾美而多艺。“兰蕙满襟怀”一句,化用HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/quyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>屈原《离骚》:“余既滋兰之九畹兮,又树蕙之百亩”,以兰蕙象征丁妾HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yinle/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>音乐旋律中富有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>优美HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/gaoshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>高尚的情感。“唾碧总喷HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花茸”一句,化用二个HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故,写丁妾诗才喷涌如HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花似碧及HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fuqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夫妻二人恩爱嬉戏之状。此句亦是一石双HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟。“后堂深、想费春工”一句,是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiaojie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>小结以上,继写丁氏夫妇在深深的后堂内,费尽心力作曲、HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/danqin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>弹琴、吟诗、作赋,过着幸福HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活。“客愁重”一句,转笔写到自己,言自己客居在外,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chouxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁绪满怀,时时听到HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨打芭蕉的音响,真是分明叶上心头滴了,着一“寒”字,更加浓了悲戚情感。听到丁妾的商弦秋声,令人泪湿潸潸。此句,呼应HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/kaitou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>开头“素弦一一起秋HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风”,从个人感受中写丁妾的音律高超。结句“恁HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流也称”一句,言丁氏金屋藏娇,可谓HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流之至。
此词赞丁妾多才多艺。在结构上纡回曲折,在手法上多种多样,有对其HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yinle/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>音乐的正面描写,又有从听者感受的侧面烘托;还对丁妾的美姿、情态的侧面描写。如此将其善丝竹、会吟诵、有美姿、品德好、HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fuqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>夫妻恩爱等交错而写;显得生动活泼而有序。此外,在遣词造语上亦有独到之处,在用典上,时而由典语中化出新词,时而又在原典中加以衬托,扩大词境。