宿骆氏亭寄怀崔雍崔衮鉴赏

原文

竹坞无尘水槛清,相思迢递隔重城。

秋阴不散霜飞晚,留得枯荷听雨声。

赏析

  此诗首句写骆氏亭,翠竹、清水把这座亭轩映衬得格外清幽雅洁,诗人置身其间,颇有远离尘嚣之感。

  接着HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xioshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写诗人对HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念,诗人眼下所宿的骆氏亭和崔氏HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiongdi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>兄弟所在的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/changan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长安,中间隔着重重的城池,路途迢迢,诗人的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念之情宛如随HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风飘荡的游丝,悠HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悠然飘向HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人所在的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/changan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长安。诗人因境界的清幽而倍感HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤寂,因无HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/haoyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>好友共赏幽胜而微感HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅。

  “秋阴不散霜飞晚”,又回到眼前HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物,渲染气氛,烘托情绪。时令已届HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenqiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>深秋,但连日HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气阴霾,孕育着HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨意,所以霜也下得晚了。天色一片迷蒙,本来就因HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思而耿耿不寐的诗人,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情不免更加黯淡,而这种HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情又反过来更增加了HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思的程度。

  诗人是在HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/lutu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>旅途中暂宿骆氏亭,此地近一段时期的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气,包括霜期之晚,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然是出之揣测,这揣测的根据就是“秋阴不散”与“留得枯荷”。这句一方面是为末句作铺垫(由于“秋阴不散”故有“HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨”;由于“霜飞晚”故“留得残荷”),另一方面又兼有渲染气氛、烘托情绪的作用。

  末句是全篇的点睛之笔,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xioshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写诗人聆听HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨打枯荷的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shengyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>声音HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/heshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>和诗人的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化过程。诗人原来是一直在那里HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念着远隔重城的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友的,由于神驰天外竟没有留意HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化。不知不觉间,下起了淅沥的小HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨点点点滴滴地洒落在枯荷上,发出一阵错落有致的声响。诗人这才意外地发现,这HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiaose/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>萧瑟的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiuyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨敲打残荷的声韵竟别有一种美的情趣。枯荷给人一种残败衰飒之感,本无可“留”的价值;但自己这样一个旅宿HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/siyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思友整夜不眠的人,却因聆听枯荷HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiuyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨的清韵而略慰HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思,稍解HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jimo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寞,所以反而深幸枯荷之“留”了。“留”蕴涵有一种不期而遇的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>喜悦。而诗人“听”到的,也不止是那凄楚的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨声。枯荷HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiuyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨的清韵,常人难解其中滋味。这单调而HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄清的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shengyin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>声音却又更增加了环境的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiliao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寥,从而更加深了对HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念。

  沈义父《HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yuefu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>乐府指迷》云:“结句须要放开,含有余不尽之意,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yijingjieqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>以景结情最好。”此诗之结语:“秋阴不散霜飞晚,留得枯荷听HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨声。”正是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yijingjieqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>以景结情,不仅景中含情,且有声有情、声情并茂,声、景、情谐和合一而收余音缭绕之致,使诗歌境象迷茫,旨义含隐深曲。

  这首诗虽然写了秋亭夜HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色,写得历历如画,但它并不是一首HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景诗,而是一首HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情诗。“宿骆氏亭”所见所闻是“寄怀”的凭借,“HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思”二字微露端倪,后两句暗藏彻夜不眠之意,诗人的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/siyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思友之情暗寓其中,可以说是以景HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寄情、HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yuqingyujing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寓情于景的。诗的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>意境清秀疏朗,而蕴涵其中的心境又是极为深远的。

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