发临洮将赴北庭留别鉴赏

原文

闻说轮台路,连年见雪飞。

春风曾不到,汉使亦应稀。

白草通疏勒,青山过武威。

勤王敢道远,私向梦中归。

赏析

  此诗所写,都是回应其他人的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guanxin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>关心和慰问。诗题“发临洮将赴北庭”,因而诗中所HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xushu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叙述,也是临洮至北庭沿途HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物。HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/kaitou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>开头“闻说”者,则说明此行轮台和第一次去的安西不同,暗示着和安西有对比:HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然方面,春HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风不到,连年HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪飞;HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/renshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人事方面,汉使应稀。此次虽是作者第二次出塞,但到北庭还是第一次,所以凭传闻写出轮台的寒冷与荒凉,但是调子并不低沉。

  从“连年见HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪飞”至“青HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山过武威”HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景,但诗人并没有直接说环境多么寒冷和恶劣,而是通过描写春HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风不来、人少、植被稀疏来衬托北庭连年见HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪飞的苦寒的恶劣环境。“连年见HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪飞”写气候之寒冷,“春HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风曾不到”写其荒凉,“白草通疏勒”写其HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiaose/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>萧瑟,“汉使亦应稀”写其地距中原之遥远,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jieshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>揭示出西域HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shubian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>戍边的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jianku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艰苦性。

  尾联在内容情感上起到了点染和升华的作用,全面地抒发了诗人的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/aiguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>爱国HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀,“勤王敢道远”就是指要竭尽全力报效祖国,而“私向梦中归”表达了诗人想念HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡,想和HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qinren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>亲人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/tuanju/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>团聚的情感。这两句其实是回HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/dabie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>答别人“勤王道路远,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡何时归”的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guanhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>关怀,写得很有创意,把忠君报国之志和HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故乡之情很巧妙地融合在一起。在结构上点明了诗歌主旨,升华了HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhuti/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>主题,言简义丰,言有尽而意无穷。

  全诗从“闻说”落笔,极写通往轮台之路的奇寒景象和边地HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风物,以抒发诗人不辞路途遥远HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jianku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艰苦,尽力HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guoshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>国事的高昂的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sixiang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思想HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情。

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