柳梢青·三山归途代白鸥见嘲鉴赏

原文

白鸟相迎,相怜相笑,满面尘埃。华发苍颜,去时曾劝,闻早归来。

而今岂是高怀。为千里、莼羹计哉。好把移文,从今日日,读取千回。

赏析

  本词作于他由带湖出仕闽中而被再度罢职重回带湖之时。此词写出了他的这一交织着HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/cankui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惭愧与后悔、HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/wunai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>无奈与HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fenkai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤慨的复杂感受,是一篇极为真实的写心文字。上片主要是通过白HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟迎人嘲笑而HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhuisi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>追思过去。起韵把自己回家时的潦倒形迹,从白HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟的眼中见出。一个满面尘埃、一事无成的老翁,受到了象征纯洁忘机的“HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山中老友”白HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟的相迎、相怜与相笑。“满面尘埃”的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziwo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自我形容,可见词人心里充满了失败的感觉。而白HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟对于词人既友好地相迎、又复相怜相笑的行为,反映了白HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟面对自己需要抚慰的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山中老友的复杂HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/taidu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>态度:可怜他的失败,又忍不住要他为自己的选择负责任。白HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟的这种复杂HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/taidu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>态度,其实是词人心中对于自己出HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山失败的复杂感受的外移。接韵由“相怜相笑”引出,明写白HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟责问、奚落他的言辞:你这白发更多、苍老更明显的老头子,当你出HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山时我曾经HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/quangao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>劝告你不要出HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,即便要出HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山,也要早些归来,当时我听见了你答应我早些归来的话语。白HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟的这番说辞,意下很为他这么晚才归来而HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/buman/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>不满。过片以“而今”一词,保持在语气上与上片的承接。白HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟奚落他道:如今你倒是终于归来了,但哪里是因为怀抱高雅、为了“莼菜鲈鱼鱼”而回来呢!意下是说你不过是因为官做不下去了,被别人罢职而不得不回来的。这样的自揭伤口,既表达了词人无端被罢职的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fenkai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤慨,也表达了他对于自己选择的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zichao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自嘲与HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/cankui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惭愧。在结韵中,白HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟更是对他冷嘲热讽,要他从今以后,每天都把前人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fongci/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>讽刺假HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yinshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>隐士的《北HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山移文》诵读一遍,读到一千遍,进行深刻的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziwo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自我反省。词人对于自己在HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山“有始无终”的辛辣嘲笑和嘲笑里隐含着的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fenkai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤慨,至此达到了高潮。全词借白HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟的奚落与HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qianze/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>谴责,来表达这种交织着后悔与HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fenkai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤慨的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情。

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