相逢旅馆意多违,暮雪初晴候雁飞。
主人酒尽君未醉,薄暮途遥归不归。
这首七言绝句写两个故友在旅馆相逢相送这样一个日常HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活中HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jianduan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>简短的插曲。那是一个暮HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪纷纷的北地的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/bangwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>傍晚,诗人与HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人李少府在旅馆邂逅相逢。也许故友要很快离去,诗人置酒相送。此时,暮HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪初晴,归雁南飞,酒已喝光.可故友还无醉意。诗人诙谐地问道:“天色已晚,路程遥远,你还走不走?”
这首诗写相送,然而一HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/kaitou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>开头却从“相逢”写起:“相逢旅馆意多违”。虽为相逢,却并非久聚,二人只不过在旅馆邂逅,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人也许HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马上又要启程,这就不能不使诗人既为相逢而喜,同时又为相别而忧,就不能不使诗人想起彼此间当日的交谊和异日的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念,从而百感交集。“意多违”,一个“多”字,写出诗人彼时彼地思绪的纷乱。
“暮HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪初晴候雁飞”。“暮”写天色,“HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪”写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气,由“暮HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪”而至“初晴”,写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/tianqi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>天气的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/bianhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>变化,四个字写出两幅静的画面;“候雁飞”写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/dayan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>大雁南飞,暗示出“归”字,三个字写出一幅动的画面。二者互相映衬,勾划出北方暮HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪初晴那种苍凉HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiaose/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>萧瑟的图景,从而为“送”安排了环境。从另一方面说,看暮HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪初晴,看候雁南飞,不能不想到HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人之即将离去,这就使眼前这幅暮HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪初霁图于苍凉HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiaose/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>萧瑟之中透露出淡淡的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/lichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离愁,从而衬托了HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别的心境。
“主人酒尽君未醉,薄暮途遥归不归”。二人相逢客舍,诗人置酒相送,故自称“主人”。置酒送行而日“酒尽”,其实未必真的酒已喝光,其中也许包含启程HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间将至的意思。“酒尽”而“君未醉”,未能尽醉之中也许包含着未能畅言,是承首句“相逢客舍”而来,而未能畅言又隐含着HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人之不忍便去。紧接着一句,“薄暮”,说天色将晚,“途遥”,说路程尚远。天色已晚,路程尚远,这是一种提醒,其中包含着无限HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guanqie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>关切。送行而提醒HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故人登程,诙谐之语中流露坦率,坦率之中反映出HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友情之深挚。而用“归不归”这样HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/woiwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>委婉的一问,其中未尝不包含一点HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人万一暂留,这就又反映出心中的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/liulian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>留恋HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/bushe/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>不舍。
这首HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别诗语言朴实HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情宛转真挚,后两句于诙谐中见诚挚之情,于言外含不尽之意。