无题·凤尾香罗薄几重鉴赏

原文

凤尾香罗薄几重,碧文圆顶夜深缝。

扇裁月魄羞难掩,车走雷声语未通。

曾是寂寥金烬暗,断无消息石榴红。

斑骓只系垂杨岸,何处西南任好风。(任一作:待)

赏析

  李商隐的七律无题,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术上最成熟,最能代表其无HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/tishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>题诗的独特HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风貌。这首七律无题,内容是抒写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qingnian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>青年HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/nuzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>女子HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/aiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>爱情HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>失意的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youyuan2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>幽怨,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思无望的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/kumen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>苦闷,又采取女主人公深夜HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhuisi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>追思HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事的方式,因此,女主人公的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心理独白就构成了诗的主体。她的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>身世HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zaoyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>遭遇和HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/aiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>爱情HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活中某些具体情事就是通过HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhuisi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>追思HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆或隐或显地表现出来的。

  起联写女主人公深夜缝制罗帐。凤尾香罗,是一种织有凤纹的薄罗;碧文圆顶,指有青碧HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花纹的圆顶罗帐。李商隐HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xioshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写诗特别讲求暗示,即使是律诗的起联,也往往不愿意写得过于明显直遂,留下一些内容让读者去玩索体味。像这一联,就只写主人公在深夜做什么,而不点破这件事意味着什么,甚至连主人公的性别与身份都不作明确交代。通过“凤尾香罗”、“碧文圆顶”的字面和“夜深缝”的行动,可以推知主人公大概是一位幽居独处的闺中HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/nuzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>女子。罗帐,在古代诗歌中常常被用作男女好合的象征。在HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiliao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寥的长夜中默默地缝制罗帐的女主人公,大概正沉浸在对HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhuiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>追忆和对会合的深情期待中吧。

  接下来是女主人公的一段HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆,内容是她和意中人一次偶然的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相遇──“扇裁月魄羞难掩,车走雷声语未通。”对方驱车匆匆走过,自己因为羞涩,用团扇遮面,虽相见而未及通一语。从上下文描写的情况看,这次HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相遇不象是初次邂逅,而是“断无消息”之前的最后一次照面。否则,不可能有深夜缝制罗帐,期待会合的举动。正因为是最后一次未通言语的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相遇,在长期得不到对方音讯的今天HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事,就越发感到失去那次机缘的可惜,而那次HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相遇的情景也就越加清晰而深刻地留在记忆中。所以这一联不只是描绘了女主人公HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/aiqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>爱情HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活中一个难忘的片断,而且曲折地表达了她在HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhuisi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>追思HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/wangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>往事时那种HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/wanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惋惜、HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/changwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怅惘而又深情地加以回味的复杂HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心理。起联与颔联之间,在情节上有很大的跳跃,最后一次照面之前的许多情事(比如她和对方如何结识、相爱等)统统省略了。

  颈联写别后的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiliao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寥。和上联通过一个富于戏剧性的片断表现瞬间的情绪不同,这一联却是通过情景交融的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术手法概括地抒写一个较长时期中的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活和HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情,具有更浓郁的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情气氛和象征暗示色彩。两句是说,自从那次匆匆HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相遇之后,对方便绝无音讯。已经有多少次独自伴着逐渐黯淡下去的残灯度过HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiliao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寥的不眠之夜,眼下又是石榴HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花红的季节了。“蜡炬成灰泪始干”,“一寸HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思一寸灰”,那黯淡的残灯,不只是渲染了长夜HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiliao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寥的气氛,而且它本身就仿佛是女主人公HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思无望情绪的外化与象征。石榴HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花红的季节,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天已经消逝了。在HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jimo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寞的期待中,石榴HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花红给她带来的也许是流光易逝、HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qingchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>青春虚度的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/changwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怅惘与HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感吧。“金烬暗”、“石榴红”,仿佛是不经意HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/didian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地点染HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物,却寓含了丰富的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情内涵。把象征暗示的表现手法运用得这样HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然精妙,不露痕迹,这确实是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术上炉火纯青境界的标志。

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