金翡翠,为我南飞传我意:罨画桥边春水,几年花下醉?
别后只知相愧,泪珠难远寄。罗幕绣帷鸳被,旧欢如梦。
这首词是借男女的欢情,抒发词人对HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故国的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/juanlian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>眷恋。以男女帷幄之私,写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故国乔木之感,原是中国诗词创作的传统手法。但词人把它写得那么意婉词直,蕴藉HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流,透HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guowang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>过往日的欢笑,看到今朝的泪痕,曲折地表达自己的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/huihen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悔恨之情,好像非如此就无法使他HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心理上失去的平衡暂时趋向稳定。这种郁积已久、抑制不住的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情,正是词人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心理结构最深层的无意识为HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jichu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>基础的,因而使人获得情真语挚、意深味永的美感享受。
词的上片,是词人委托南飞的青HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟诉说旧日的欢娱,代致HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思的深意。词一开始就在画面上涂上了一层神秘的色彩,制造了遥远的、渺茫的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenhua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>神话境界。以此来暗示,这个“青HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟”使者在HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实世界中是没有的,“南飞传意”当然也就是一种空想了。正好说明HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故国已亡,宗社已墟,词人只好把那埋藏在心底深处的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/juanlian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>眷恋祖国之情,叮嘱心灵上的使者替他表白一番。“罨画”二句,就是词人要求“青HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟”传达信息的全部内容。他没有向对方诉说,自从HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别以来,“肠一日而九逥”,“魂一夕而九逝”的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/juanlian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>眷恋之情,而只是拿过去的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活情趣,来唤起对方HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆。“罨画”,本为杂色的彩画。这里是说在那HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风景如画的桥边,春水是那样的碧绿,春HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花是那样的烂漫,我曾经陶醉在那大HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jingse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景色中,过了多年的幸福HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活,今天回想起来,只剩下HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好的记忆,而那欢乐幸福的日子却是一去不复返了。词人在这里是用昔日的欢乐,衬托出今日的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/kumen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>苦闷;用过去的大好HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chunguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春光,衬托出HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/suiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>岁月。不言HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/juanlian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>眷恋,而HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/juanlian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>眷恋之情溢于言表。词人善于把心中的意象,通过男女之间的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yanqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艳情,变为欣赏者感知的具体形象,取得了意在言外的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yishu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艺术效果。
下片是词人进一步向对方倾吐自己相忆之苦,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangsi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>相思之深。语言是那样的直率坦白,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情是那样的真挚热烈,感染力很强。“相愧”,表面是愧自己“枕前发尽千般愿”,骨子里是愧自己去而不归,也就是词人离唐入蜀后情不自禁地所产生的那种微妙的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情。在这里一则要表白自己的心迹,不是薄情,不是负心,而是一想到旧日的恩情就感到内疚;不是没有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/lihen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离恨,不是没有别泪,而是两行珠泪,一腔HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/lichou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离愁,无法寄到远方的伊人。在则要倾诉别后的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活和HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀。在这里词人列举了三种系人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思的事物:罗幕、绣帏和鸳被。这些都曾经是他们双栖双宿的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/difang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地方;而如今却是室迩人远,物是人非。睹物HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/siren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思人,欢情如昨;而别易会难,前尘如梦。想当年鸳被同卧,誓不分离;愧今日劳燕双飞,各自东西;想别后青HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟无凭,珠泪难寄;愧当年画桥HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chunse/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春色,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花下陶醉。所谓情不知所起,一往而深,故能动人心脾,感人肺腑。他的语淡而悲,意深而婉,透露了词人是强作欢愉之后,流露出HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/beiku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲苦之情的。虽无刻骨入肌之言,而有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅自怜之致;虽有绮罗香泽之态,而无纤丽浮华之习。所以词人的词有“骨秀”之誉,有“淡妆HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moiren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美人”之称。