昔我往矣，杨柳依依。
今我来思，雨雪霏霏。
行道迟迟，载渴载饥。
我心悲伤，莫知我哀！
《采薇》是《HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>诗经·小雅》中的一篇。历代注者关于它的写作年代说法不一。但据它的内容和其它HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史记载的考订大约是周宣王时代的作品的可能性大些。周代北方的猃狁（即后来的匈奴）已十分强悍，经常入侵中原，给当时北方HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/renmin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人民HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活带来不少灾难。HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/lishi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>历史上有不少周天子派兵戍守边外和命HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>将士出兵打败猃狁的记载。从《采薇》的内容看，当是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>将士戍役劳还时之作。诗中唱出从军HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>将士的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jianxin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艰辛HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活和HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sigui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思归的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀。全诗分六章，前三章叠出，以采薇起兴写薇由作而柔而刚，而戍役军士远别HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiaxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>家乡，历久不归，HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡之情，HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youxin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧心不已！作者写道：HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山薇啊，你发芽了，出生了，我们总该回家了吧！但转眼又是一年，我们都顾不上家室，这却是为何呢？为了猃狁入侵之故，我们连好好坐上一会儿也来不及，也是为了猃狁之故。我们需要攻战！又到了采薇的时候，薇叶长大了，枝叶柔嫩，这下总该回家了吧！心里的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧伤如此炽烈，为战事奔波，我们戍期未定，谁难替我们带回家信！HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山薇长得粗壮刚健了，这下该回家了吧！已是阳春十月了！可是王事没完，还没法闲暇，HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧伤的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情好不HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/tongku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>痛苦，却无人相慰劳！四、五两章是写边关战事繁忙、紧张：那盛开的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花是什么？是棠棣之HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花。用HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花之盛起兴，喻HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chuzheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>出征军伍车HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马服饰之盛：那好大好大的是什么？那是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>将士的军车，兵车既已驾起，战HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马高大雄健，战事频繁，HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jundui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>军队又要HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qianxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>迁徙，岂敢定居？驾着四匹昂首高大的公HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马，军将们坐在战车上，步兵们蔽依车后，战HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马威武雄健，兵士手中的象骨的弓和鱼皮箭袋时时佩在身边，猃狁的侵战如此强大HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/changkuang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>猖狂，HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ma/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>马能不日日加强戒备？这两章写的是猃狁的匈悍而周家HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jundui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>军队盛大的军威，纪律严正，卒伍精强。但是戍役的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活也是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jianxin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艰辛而紧张的，这些都是作者用写实的笔法来写的。第六章则笔锋一转，写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chuzheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>出征人在还乡路上饱受饥寒，痛定思痛的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/aishang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀伤HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情：想起HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chuzheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>出征之时，那依依HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳，枝茂叶盛，而此时HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪归程，路远，天寒，又饥，又渴，可谓十分狼狈而又HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄苦。晋人谢玄把“昔我往矣”四句论为三百篇中最好的诗句。在HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/wenxue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>文学史上影响极大。常为后世文人反复吟唱、仿效。由于《HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>诗经》素以浑厚、质朴著称，这类如此HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiwan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄婉动人的作品确属不多。因而它便成了《HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>诗经》HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情作品的一个典范而为历代HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/wenxue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>文学家所称颂。这首诗的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhuti/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>主题是严肃的。猃狁的凶悍，周家军士严阵以待，作者以戍役军士的身份描述了以天子之命命将帅、遣戊役，守卫中国，HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/junlu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>军旅的严肃威武，HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活的紧张HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jianxin/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>艰辛。作者的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/aiguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>爱国HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀是通过对猃狁的仇恨来表现的。更是通过对他们忠于职守的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xushu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叙述——“不遑启居”、“不遑启处”、“岂敢定居”、“岂不日戒”和他们内心极度HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思乡的强烈对比来表现的。全诗再衬以动人的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物的描写：薇之生，薇之柔，薇之刚，棠棣HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开，依依HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳，霏霏HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雪，都烘托了军士们“日戒”的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活，心里却是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sigui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思归的情愫，这里写的都是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiangshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>将士们真真实实的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sixiang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思想，HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>忧伤的情调并不降低本篇作为HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/aiguo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>爱国诗篇的价值，恰恰相反是表现了人们的纯真朴实，合情合理的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sixiang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思想内容和情感，也正是这种纯正的真实性，赋予了这首诗强盛的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shengming/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生命力和感染力。从写作上看，它和HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>诗经的许多作品一样用以薇起兴的手法，加上章法、词法上重沓叠奏，使内容和情趣都得以层层铺出，渐渐深化，也增强了作品的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yinle/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>音乐美和节奏感。全诗有记叙，有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yilun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>议论，有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物，有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情，有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心理描写，搭配错落有致，又十分妥贴，因此《采薇》（节选）一篇确是《HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>诗经》中最好的篇章之一。