十一年前南渡客,四千里外北归人。
诏书许逐阳和至,驿路开花处处新。
头两句是说,11年前被贬于4000里外的永州,此时终于回来了,语含HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>喜悦,也有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨。后两句借用HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物来描写回京路上的欢快HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情。HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chunguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春光,鲜HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,是实景,但也是作者HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心理状态的反映。这样借景HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情比直接HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xushu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叙述更加生动,真切。末句“处处新”三字用得精当,值得好好体味。
“十一年前南渡客,四千里外北归人”。这里看来是对事实的描述,其实精炼地概括了诗人复杂和激动的情感。其中包含着他对当年遭受贬斥的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fenmen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤懑,对长期放逐HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shenghuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>生活的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/huiyi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>回忆,以及重回HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/changan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长安时的激动HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情。交集的百感凝聚在诗句的朴素描绘之中,增强了HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情力量。
“诏书”使他伴随着温暖的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天一同回到HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/changan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长安来,路上的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jingwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>景物明媚喜人。“诏书许逐阳和至,驿路开HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花处处新”,朝廷诏返京城,又是红这阳春季节,驿路上HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开簇簇,既清新又温暖,此时面对此景,再有一步就可迈入HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/changan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长安东城门的诗人不能不深HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感激动、HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>喜悦,激动、HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiyue/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>喜悦而不明说,仅用“处处新”三字来见意,便胜过了万语千言。因此“驿路开HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花处处新”,这是诗人自己HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jingshen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>精神状态的写照,反映出诗人的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yukuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愉快HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情和HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yuanwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愿望。这是写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,更是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xieren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写人,是将人的情意寄托于HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,又由HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花来表人之情意,含蓄蕴藉而不失HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然流转,堪称得体。
然而儒法两条路线的斗争是不可调和的,事实上,顽固保守势力并没有放松对他的打击,他回到HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/changan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长安后所得到的却是再一次贬逐。所以,诗篇在抒发他的战斗HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/lixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>理想的同时,也表现出他对大地主顽固派的反动本质缺乏认识,对顽固派头子唐宪宗始终存有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/huanxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>幻想,反映出诗人自己的阶级局限性。