定风波·席上送范廓之游建康鉴赏

原文

听我尊前醉后歌,人生无奈别离何。但使情亲千里近,须信:无情对面是山河。

寄语石头城下水:居士,而今浑不怕风波。借使未如鸥鸟伴;经惯,也应学得老渔蓑。

赏析

  这是一首HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别词。

  此词的上片便写情感,写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别。HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/kaitou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>开头三句,“HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/rensheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人生HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/wunai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>无奈HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/bieli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>别离何”,此是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然之事,亦是情深语,所以HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/wunai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>无奈者,是人世间终将有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/bieli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>别离也,不能不为HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/bieli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>别离,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/bieli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>别离而又无能为,是虽无,亦真不可不为HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/wunai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>无奈也。即HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/rensheng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人生中HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别是无可奈何的,也是无法改变的。只要HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>亲情真挚,使在千里之外,也觉得很近。正是“海内存HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhiji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>知己,天涯若比邻”的一种HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/kuangda/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>旷达。“无情对面是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山河”一句写出作者深沉的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨,因为建康是当时的抗金前线,词人也多次登建康赏心亭向北眺望中原HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山河,这次范廓之又要去建康HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youlan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游览,于是引起家国之恨。“但使”二语隽永之甚,“无情”两字,正是词人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhuangzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>壮志未酬的忧怨。此处三句语意尤为拓展,既情深意厚,又胸次开阔。对面无情,咫尺天涯,固是路人姿态,若其衷不同,所谋所想为异,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/lixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>理想志意不相侔,根于HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实世界之利益关系,则岂仅无情对面是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山河而已,所谓无所不用其极以达其目的,世人岂吝为之者邪。

  下片作见惯世面语,“而今”一句,仍可见作者之HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yingxiong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>英雄豪气。由于投降派屈辱求和的政策,石头城下的江水也没有了那种怒涛。自己被排挤、受打击,已经HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xianju/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闲居HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>山林,假使不与鸥HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>鸟为伴,也和披着蓑衣的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yufu2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>渔父差不多。HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xianshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>闲适HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/kuangda/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>旷达的背后,是志不得伸的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fenmen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愤懑、牢骚。HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寄语建康HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故人,而今归退HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/tianyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>田园,当无宦海HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风波之虞。

  此词写送行而不流于HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤。明快爽朗,开人心胸。一起点明离宴,似悲实旷。上下两片,浑然相融,以此短篇而写寻常事,而能见出作者之性情、HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sixiang2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思想,而有特出之“神味”。

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