浣溪沙·消息谁传到拒霜鉴赏

原文

消息谁传到拒霜?两行斜雁碧天长,晚秋风景倍凄凉。

银蒜押帘人寂寂,玉钗敲烛信茫茫。黄花开也近重阳。

赏析

  从词的内容来看,这是写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhongyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>重阳节到来,诗人又深切地HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念起往日的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qinHRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人来了,他彷徨不安,踌躇难耐,遂赋此以排遣HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤寂无聊的幽情。值得注意的是词全从对方落笔,这就加倍地表现出他那强烈而深挚的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/huainian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀念之情。

  这首词上片写室外HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiujing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋景及心境:拒霜HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开,斜燕南飞,而HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhenHRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人消息杳然,无人传递,倍感秋色HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉。此处HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiujing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋景其实清爽:拒红霜,晴空碧,雁斜飞,并无黯淡之状。元代白珽《HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xihu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>西湖赋》云:“秋荣不淡,拒霜已红。”然而木芙蓉性颇耐寒,且能“千株扫作一番黄,只有芙蓉独自芳。”(苏轼《和陈述古拒霜HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花》),虽时至晚秋而红艳如故。唐李群玉《九日》诗云:“半岭残阳衔树落,一行斜雁向人来。”HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/huanghun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>黄昏残阳,斜雁向人,色彩昏暗,氛围HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉;而此处则是碧空如洗,天阔气清,斜雁南飞,氛围开朗。HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思妇眼中之HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiujing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋景乃“有我之境”:或许HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhenHRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人有约HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhongqiu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>中秋返家HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/tuanju/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>团聚,此时拒霜已开,不见人归,虽HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花红而难令伊人心暖;常言鸿雁传书,如今雁群斜飞未传HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhenHRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人消息,虽天碧亦是伤心碧,只能令伊人心伤。因此,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉的并非秋色,实乃HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思妇心境。

  下片写室内情形及HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chouxu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁绪:帘幕低垂,因以银蒜相压而纹丝不动,伊人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jimo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寞难熬,只能以玉钗敲竹派遣烦愁。敲竹的细节刻画乃词人独创,此处伊人以玉钗敲竹,其声极不堪,其情更愁惨,确是奇绝之笔。结局写菊HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花盛开,时近HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhongyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>重阳,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhenHRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人归期乃“信茫茫”,既与首句意象呼应,又启人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/lianxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>联想:伊人独守闺房,心境HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思如缕,已是“人比黄HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花瘦”。(李清照《醉HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花阴·九日》)全词景情俱到,亦情亦景,交织浑融,读起来HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉孤苦,使人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chouchang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惆怅不欢。 

  这首词在意象使用上主要采用了渲染法,尤其是对“秋”的渲染。不知何时,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念的人在远方传来消息说HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiutian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋天会回到她的身边,于是秋就超出本身作为季节的含义,成为了相见的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间,成为期盼的季节。这词中首先是“拒霜”HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开,然后“两行秋雁”,后更直接说“晚秋HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风景”、“黄HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开”以及“近HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhongyang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>重阳”,这些都在刻意点染季节。可以说这首词是通过渲染秋来突出愁,要表达的正是期待落空的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chousi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愁思。

  除用渲染法表达情感外,词中还恰如其分地运用了点染法,对“闲”进行了很好的点染。下片三句中人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jimo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>寂寞HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉,万事无心,百无聊赖,无尽空虚,尤其是“玉钗敲烛”一句,表现的何等空虚。词中通过渲染和点染的结合,表现出客观世界的“秋”以及浅层内心世界的“闲”,从而将深层次的“HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>凄凉”表达出来。

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