别元九后咏所怀鉴赏

原文

零落桐叶雨,萧条槿花风。

悠悠早秋意,生此幽闲中。

况与故人别,中怀正无悰。

勿云不相送,心到青门东。

相知岂在多,但问同不同。

同心一人去,坐觉长安空。

赏析

  诗歌开篇“零落桐叶HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨,萧条槿HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风”,以HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景起兴,既奠定了全诗HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shanggan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤感HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/beiliang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悲凉的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感情基调又暗中点明与HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fenbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分别的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shijian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时间。秋季甫至,秋意却浓,诗人看到凋零的桐叶、衰败的槿HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>悠然飘落在秋HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qiuyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>秋HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨之中,目光所及皆为HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiaose/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>萧瑟之景,伤秋之情油然而生。此情此景又让诗人想起与HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别时的场景,心中愈发HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤。

  “况与HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>故人别,中怀正无”一句将诗人的伤秋之情与和HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fenbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分别之后的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/luomo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>落寞之情HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然地连接起来。诗人没有写出与HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fenbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分别的具体情境,以虚笔“勿云不相送,心到青门东”写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fenbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分别之实事,诗人假设HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人问自己“为何不相送?”“心到青门东”则是诗人的回答,不要说我没有送你离开,我的心已经随你远去,倘若相送,又如何忍心与你HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/fenbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>分别?寥寥数笔,勾勒出二人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别之时的大致情景,又给读者留下无数HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象的空间。

  吟咏至此,诗人心中伤秋HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/huaiyuan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀远的复杂HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心情无限放大,心中的抑郁之情不吐不快,进而抒发出此篇诗作中的情感最强音:“相知岂在多,但问同不同。同心一人去,坐觉HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/changan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>长安空。”最后二旬又再次点明白居易与元稹交情之深,与中间四句遥相呼应,使得全诗浑然一体。全诗在诗HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/renqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>人情感最高点戛然而止,余音缭绕而又耐人寻味。最后四旬言简意赅,却富含HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zheli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哲理,引起了无数读者的共鸣:不求HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/pengyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>朋友成群,但求HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhiji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>知己一人,外面的世界再喧嚣,知心人不在,也如空城般HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/guji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>孤寂。

  这首诗融HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景、HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xushi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>叙事、HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shuqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒情于一体,情景交融,用笔虚实相生,实处描HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiejing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写景物,虚处勾勒景象,全诗如行云流水,毫无生涩之感。诗人在诗中的留白更给读者留下了无数HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象空间。

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