点绛唇·咏风兰

译文

风兰散发出不寻常的香味，素雅恬淡没有一丝浓艳浮华。它在秋风中摇曳的姿态犹如凌波仙子轻轻飘逸。

它的叶子如此稀疏，怎么耐得住那寒冷的清秋呢？于是留取那半缕清香入得画中，这幅张见阳之风兰可以堪称画中第一了。

注释

风兰：一种寄生兰，因喜欢在通风，湿度高的地方生长而得名。

别样：特别、不寻常 幽芬：清香 浓艳：（色彩）浓丽艳丽，代指鲜艳的花朵。

凌波：形容在水上行走的轻盈柔美的姿态。此处是说风兰在秋风中摇曳的姿态，好像是凌波仙子，轻柔飘逸。

忒（tuī）煞萧疏：意为过分稀疏。忒煞，亦作“忒杀”，太、过分 萧疏，稀疏、萧条。

冷香：清香，也指清香之花。多喻菊、梅之香气。此处指见阳所画之风兰仿佛散发出了微微香气。

　　词以“咏HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰”为题，副题张刻本作《题见阳画兰》，可见此篇为题兰兼HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yongwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>咏物之作。

　　上阕从香气和姿态两方面对HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰作了精致灵动的描摹。“别样幽芬”言HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰散发出不寻常的香味，这种清幽典雅的气息，是那些浓艳的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花朵无法与之媲美的。HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰不仅在香气上与众不同，而且形态上很灵动，词人在此处运用了HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/niren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>拟人的手法，将HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰形容成水上行走的轻盈柔美的凌波仙子一般，飘飘欲去。而东HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风在这里显然不是春HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风，可以理解为HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shiguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>时光，催HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花开放和呵护HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的力量。整句表现了词人对HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>喜爱和HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zanmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赞美，寄托了词人对这样HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰不要去的太快的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望，也表达词人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好的事物能够长存的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yuanwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>愿望。

　　下阕则是通过对HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xianshi2/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>现实中HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好之易逝的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/wanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惋惜反衬出词人对HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/haoyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>好友所作的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰图的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zanmoi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>赞美。秋意袭来，HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰只得“忒煞萧疏”。“忒煞”一词写出了词人对HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花之萧条的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/wanxi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>惋惜之心。然而尽管HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰看上去已经太过稀疏，可仍散发出微微香气。显然，这里的“还留取，冷香半缕”用了HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/biyu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>比喻的修辞手法，因为这HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰终究不是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然界的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰，只是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人的画罢了。因张纯修当时正令湖南江华，词人又用借代的手法，用湘江HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>雨来代指HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人，而其画上的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰竟然给人一种好似幽香散发的感觉，故此句为意谓见阳所画之HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰堪称画中第一。至此，读者方才明白原来这是一阕HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yongwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>咏物题兰之词。

　　在这首词中，词人运用了HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/lianxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>联想的手法来描绘HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰，并未曾亲眼所见，但却通过HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人的一纸HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰图对HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰展开了HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象，将HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰的香气和姿态表现地淋漓尽致。而结句词人则点出其创作意图，为全词的升华。当词人在为HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiaose/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>萧瑟易逝而HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤时，一个“还”字话HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风一转，引出只有在HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/haoyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>好友所作的图中能保有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰的韵姿和清香，使得HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好的事物永存。衬托出HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人作画功力深厚，所作HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰跃然纸上，栩栩如生，引人入胜。同时也将HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/jiangongliye/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>建功立业的夙愿寄托在HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人张纯HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiushen/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>修身上，HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiwang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>希望HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>友人保有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moihao/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美好的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/pinzhi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>品质，并在所任职的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/difang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地方作出一番成绩。

　　本词描写的主体HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰本非富贵之HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花，而纳兰却对其情有独钟并大加称羡，体现了纳兰落拓无羁的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xingge/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>性格和格高韵远、独具特色的词HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风。词中字字刻画，又字字天然，不即不离，不粘不脱，即“意有寄托，不作死句”。HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风兰之形象绰约可见，而又不无诗人性情的处处流露。既HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yongwu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>咏物又HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shuhuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>抒怀抱，显然颇含骚雅之旨，寓有诗人深挚的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/qinghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情怀。