馆娃宫外邺城西,远映征帆近拂堤。
系得王孙归意切,不关芳草绿萋萋。
这首词写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思妇望着柳条而产生的纷繁思绪。首句HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xioliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写柳树所在之地,“馆娃”和“邺城”,都是古时与HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moinu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美女有关的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/difang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地方,西施曾居于馆娃HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/gongzhong/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫中;邺城有铜雀台,杜牧《赤壁》诗有“东HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风不与周郎便,铜雀春深锁二乔”之句,曹操姬妾HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/genu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>歌女,都住在此地。这里用这两个HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/diming/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地名,不仅使人想见其树,更想见住在那里的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moiren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美人。树与人暗自映衬,柳的娇美自在不言中,并含有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思妇以HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/moiren/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>美人自况之意。越觉己美,春思愈切,于是举目眺望,所见只是远近HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chuiliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>垂柳,拂堤映帆。次句HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiojiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>写江岸之柳沐浴春HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风,飘拂多姿,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思妇由征帆而想起远去的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zhenHRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/gre/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人。“馆娃”和“邺城”,一南一北,构成跨度很大的空间,配合着流水征帆、大堤HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳,构成一幅广阔渺远的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/libie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>离别图。而“馆娃宫外”与“邺城西”、“远映征帆”与“近拂堤”,句中自对,则又构成一种回旋荡漾的语调,渲染了一种别情依依的气氛。
“系得王孙归意切,不关芳草绿萋萋”二句,是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sifu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思妇由柳条而产生的奇异HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiangxiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>想象:芳草可以使HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/huaixiang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>怀乡,柳条虽不是芳草,然而它也像芳草一样碧绿,而且还有袅袅长丝,它足以牵住HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yuanyou/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>远游的人儿,使他HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sigui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思归更切。这种HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yijing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>意境是很新颖的。但上文既然说HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳拂堤,枝条无疑是既柔且长,用它来系住HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子的心意,又是一种很合理的推想。古代有HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zheliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>折柳HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/songbie/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>送别的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xisu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>习俗,“柳”与“留”谐音,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/zheliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>折柳相赠,正是为了加强对方对于己方的系念。有这种HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xisu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>习俗,又加上柳枝形态在人HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinli/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>心理上所唤起的感受,就让人觉得柳枝似乎真有此神通,能系住归心了。由此在趁势推进一层:“王孙游兮归不归,春草生兮萋萋”,作者巧妙地借此说芳草没有能耐,反衬出柳枝神通之广大。
这首词不仅扣住《HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳枝》这个词调咏HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳,而且加以生发,决不沾滞在题上。词中的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳,实际上是系住HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游子归意的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/nuzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>女子的化身。词中处处有伊人的倩影,但笔笔都只写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳;写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/yangliu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>杨柳亦只从空际盘旋,传其神韵,这是词写得很成功的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/difang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>地方。