桃花羞作无情死,感激东风。吹落娇红,飞入闲窗伴懊侬。
谁怜辛苦东阳瘦,也为春慵。不及芙蓉,一片幽情冷处浓。
在这首HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xiaoling/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>小令中,作者淡淡地写出了HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春自怜的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/aishang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>哀伤。这表面上看是一首HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春伤离之作,但事实上却是借着HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春抒写HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shanghuai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤怀之情。
上阕写春阑HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花残,艳丽的桃HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花被东HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风吹落,飘零殆尽。然而,艳丽娇柔、多情婉转的桃HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花无法接受无情的死,多情的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花总要有某种多情的死法。“HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganji/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感激东HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风”是观HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花的作者所发的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/gankai/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感慨。东HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风把娇红的桃HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花吹落,没有任它委于尘土泥泞,而是吹它飞进了容若的小窗,让它来陪伴容若这个HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shangqing/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤情的人共度残留的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chunguang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春光。看到桃HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花无可奈何的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/mingyun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>命运,作者也HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤起了自己,从下片开始,“谁怜HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/xinku/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>辛苦东阳瘦”,便是作者的自况。
下阕先点出作者为HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chuncan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春残懊恼,而慵懒无聊,下接以结句,加深加浓了HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春之意,心静下来了,可是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/sinian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>思念之情却更加强烈。纳兰性德以沈约自况,形容自己像沈约一样病容憔悴、抑郁多疾。沈约和作者是一样的美HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/nanzi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>男子,有才有德,作者以沈约自比,既是说自己HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/feng/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>风流才俊,更是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ganshang/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>感伤自己身体单薄。这个HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故用的十分贴切HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然,交代了心境,也写出了实情。而后所接之句“也为春慵”,更是说出自己的身心之所以如此慵懒,并非是为其他闲杂之事所累,只是HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chuntian/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>春天就要结束了。
“不及芙蓉,一片幽情冷处浓”,虽然作者认为桃HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花妖艳,却还是比不上芙蓉的清幽芬芳。不过,作者这里所指的芙蓉并不是荷HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/hua/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>花,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/chuanshuo/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>传说唐朝李固在HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/kaoshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>考试落第之后HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/youlan/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>游览蜀地,遇见一名老妇人,这个老妇人对他说,他明HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/nianhui/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>年会在芙蓉镜下HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/keju/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>科举及第,再过二十年还有拜相之命。于是心灰意冷的李固再次去参加HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/kaoshi/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>考试,果然中第,而且榜上正好有“人镜芙蓉”一语,正应了那老妇的预言。作者也是因病失去殿试的机会,和落第等同,所以,在这个背景下,作者所说的芙蓉应当是指“芙蓉镜”的HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/diangu/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>典故了。于是,HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/ziran/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>自然而然的,接下去的一句“一片幽情冷处浓”,正是写了自己懊恼的“幽情”。
这一首《采桑子》上、下片相对比较紧凑,但是全词似HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春又不似HRef=https://www.xuegushici.com/list/shangchun/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>伤春,颇值得多加玩味了。